Importância Prognóstica do Eletrocardiograma Pré-Operatório em Pacientes de Baixo Risco Submetidos à Intervenção Cirúrgica sob Anestesia Geral / Prognostic Value of Preoperative Electrocardiogram in Low-Risk Patients Undergoing Surgical Intervention and General Anesthesia

Resumo Fundamento Pacientes com idade superior a 50 anos requerem quatro vezes mais intervenções cirúrgicas que o grupo mais jovem. Muitas diretrizes recomendam a realização do eletrocardiograma pré-operatório nessa faixa etária. Objetivos Determinar a importância do ECG pré-operatório em pacientes com idade superior a 50 anos e com classificação de risco cirúrgico ASA I e II. Métodos Foram recrutados pacientes com idade superior a 50 anos, sem comorbidades, submetidos à intervenção cirúrgica sob anestesia geral. Os pacientes foram randomizados para a realização (grupo A n=214) ou não (grupo B n=213) do ECG pré-operatório. Foram analisadas as variáveis: sexo, idade, resultado do ECG, da radiografia do tórax e dos exames laboratoriais, risco cirúrgico, duração do procedimento, eventos adversos e mortalidade intra-hospitalar. O nível de significância estatística adotado foi de 5%. Resultados Houve ocorrência de desfechos adversos em 23 (5,4%) pacientes, com um número significante de eventos adversos nos pacientes do sexo masculino (OR=7,91, IC95% 3,3-18,90, p<0,001) e naqueles com intervenções de maior porte cirúrgico (OR=30,02, IC95% 4,01-224,92, p<0,001). Não houve diferença entre os grupos que realizaram ou não o ECG (OR=1,59, IC95% 0,67-3,75, p=0,289). As demais variáveis não mostraram diferenças significantes. Na regressão logística multivariada o sexo masculino (OR=6,49; IC95% 2,42-17,42, p<0,001) e o porte cirúrgico (OR=22,62; IC95% 2,95-173,41, p=0,002) foram preditores independentes de desfechos adversos, enquanto realizar ou não ECG (OR=1,09; IC95% 0,41-2,90, p=0,867) permaneceu sem significância estatística. Conclusões Os resultados sugerem que o ECG pré-operatório não foi capaz de predizer aumento do risco de desfechos adversos nos pacientes estudados, durante a fase hospitalar.

Abstract Background Patients aged over 50 years require four times more surgical interventions than younger groups. Many guidelines recommend the performance of preoperative electrocardiogram (ECG) in this population. Objectives To determine the value of preoperative ECG in patients aged over 50 years and classified as ASA I-II (surgical risk). Methods Patients older than 50 years, without comorbidities, who underwent surgical intervention and general anesthesia were included in the study. Patients were randomized to undergo ECG (group A, n=214) or not (group B, n=213) in the preoperative period. The following variables were analyzed: sex, age, ECG, chest x-ray and laboratory tests results, surgical risk, surgery duration, adverse events and in-hospital mortality. The level of significance was set at 5%. Results Adverse outcomes were reported in 23 (5.4%) patients, with a significant number of adverse events in male patients (OR=7.91 95%CI 3.3-18.90, p<0.001) and in those undergoing major surgeries (OR=30.02 95%CI 4.01-224.92, p<0.001). No differences were observed between patients who underwent ECG and those who did not (OR=1.59, 95%CI, 0.67-3.75, p=0.289). No significant differences were found in the other variables. In multivariate logistic regression, male sex (OR = 6.49; 95%CI 2.42-17.42, p<0.001) and major surgery (OR=22.62; 95%CI 2.95-173.41, p=0.002) were independent predictors of adverse outcomes, whereas undergoing (or not) ECG (OR=1.09; IC95% 0.41-2.90, p=0.867) remained without statistical significance. Conclusion Our findings suggest that preoperative ECG could not predict an increased risk of adverse outcomes in our study population during the hospital phase.

Efetividade da terapia Reiki para ansiedade pré-operatória na cirurgia cardíaca: ensaio clínico randomizado / Efectividad de la terapia de reiki para ansiedad preoperatoria en cirugía cardíaca: ensayo clínico aleatorizado / Effectiveness of Reiki therapy for preoperative anxiety in cardiac surgery: a randomized clinical trial

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a efetividade de um protocolo de Reiki nos níveis de ansiedade no período pré-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca. Métodos Ensaio clínico controlado e randomizado realizado em um hospital universitário de referência em cardiologia entre junho e dezembro de 2021. Foi realizada randomização em bloco e alocação por sorteio com envelopes selados opacos em dois grupos: Controle (n=44; não submetido a intervenção) e Intervenção (n=44; submetido a duas sessões de Reiki três dias antes e na véspera da cirurgia). Os desfechos principais (ansiedade, bem-estar e tensão muscular) foram avaliados ao longo das sessões usando um modelo de efeitos mistos. Para avaliar o tamanho do efeito foram calculados os valores parciais de eta quadrado (η2p). Resultados Foram determinadas as diferenças nos escores de ansiedade (+2,7 pontos a mais para o controle), bem-estar (-0,78) e tensão muscular (1,27), sendo consideradas estatisticamente significativas (p<0,001). Na análise do tamanho do efeito, o experimento distinguiu melhor a variação na variável ansiedade (η2p=0,74) que nas outras duas variáveis (η2p=0,14; η2p=0,23). Conclusão O estudo oferece evidência favorável para efetividade do Reiki no controle da ansiedade pré-operatória de cirurgia cardíaca.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar la efectividad de un protocolo de reiki en los niveles de ansiedad en el período preoperatorio de cirugías cardíacas. Métodos Ensayo clínico controlado y aleatorizado, realizado en un hospital universitario de referencia en cardiología entre junio y diciembre de 2021. La aleatorización se realizó por bloques y la asignación por sorteo con sobres cerrados opacos en dos grupos: Control (n=44, sin intervención) y Experimental (n=44, sometidos a dos sesiones de reiki, una tres días antes y otra en la víspera de la cirugía). Los criterios de valoración principales (ansiedad, bienestar y tensión muscular) fueron evaluados a lo largo de las sesiones, mediante un modelo de efectos mixtos. Para evaluar el tamaño del efecto se calcularon los valores parciales de eta cuadrado (η2p). Resultados Se observaron diferencias en la puntuación de ansiedad (+2,7 puntos más en el grupo de control), bienestar (-0,78) y tensión muscular (1,27), consideradas estadísticamente significativas (p<0,001). En el análisis del tamaño del efecto, el estudio percibió mejor la variación en la variable ansiedad (η2p=0,74) que en las otras dos variables (η2p=0,14; η2p=0,23). Cirugía El estudio ofrece evidencias favorables para la efectividad del reiki en el control de la ansiedad preoperatoria de cirugías cardíacas. Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos: RBR-2nhgvn6

Abstract Objective To assess the effectiveness of a Reiki protocol on anxiety levels in the preoperative period of cardiac surgery. Methods This is a controlled and randomized clinical trial carried out in a university reference hospital in cardiology between June and December 2021. Chunk randomization and allocation by draw with opaque sealed envelopes were carried out in two groups: Control (n=44; not subjected to intervention); and Intervention (n=44; submitted to two Reiki sessions three days before and the day before surgery). The main outcomes (anxiety, well-being and muscle tension) were assessed across sessions using a mixed effects model. To assess the effect size, partial eta squared (η2p) values were calculated. Results Differences in anxiety scores (+2.7 points more than the control), well-being (-0.78) and muscle tension (1.27) were determined, being considered statistically significant (p<0.001). In analyzing the effect size, the experiment better distinguished the variation in the anxiety variable (η2p=0.74) than in the other two variables (η2p=0.14; η2p=0.23). Conclusion The study offers favorable evidence for the effectiveness of Reiki in controlling preoperative anxiety after cardiac surgery. Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry: RBR-2nhgvn6

Dependência de cuidados pré-operatórios e qualidade de recuperação pós-operatória de pacientes cirúrgicos / Dependencia de cuidados preoperatorios y calidad de recuperación posoperatoria de pacientes quirúrgicos / Preoperative care dependency and postoperative quality of recovery of the surgical patients

Resumo Objetivo O objetivo do estudo foi determinar a relação entre a dependência de cuidados pré-operatórios e a qualidade de recuperação no pós-operatório de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia. Métodos A amostra do estudo descritivo, transversal e correlacional foi composta por 215 pacientes. Um formulário de informações do paciente, a Care Dependency Scale e o questionário Quality of Recovery-40 item foram aplicados aos pacientes usando a técnica de entrevista face a face para a coleta de dados entre junho e dezembro de 2018. A ferramenta Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology foi utilizada neste estudo. Resultados Houve uma diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as pontuações médias da Care Dependency Scale e do Quality of Recovery-40 item Scale dos pacientes e seus domínios conforto físico, independência física e dor em termos de faixas etárias e sexo (p<0,05). Foi encontrada uma correlação positiva e moderada entre a dependência de cuidados dos pacientes e a independência física. Conclusão Quando o nível de dependência de cuidados diminuiu, os pacientes precisaram de menos assistência durante a recuperação no período pós-operatório, pois conseguiram realizar suas atividades diárias de forma independente.

Resumen Objetivo El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la relación entre la dependencia de cuidados preoperatorios y calidad de recuperación en el posoperatorio de pacientes sometidos a cirugía. Métodos La muestra del estudio descriptivo, transversal y correlacional estuvo compuesta por 215 pacientes. Se aplicó a los pacientes un formulario de información del paciente, la Care Dependency Scale y el cuestionario Quality of Recovery-40 item, mediante la técnica de entrevista cara a cara para la recopilación de datos, entre junio y diciembre de 2018. Se utilizó la herramienta Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology en este estudio. Resultados Hubo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre el puntaje promedio de la Care Dependency Scale y del Quality of Recovery-40 item Scale de los pacientes y los dominios bienestar físico, independencia física y dolor en términos de grupos de edad y sexo (p<0,05). Se observó una correlación positiva y moderada entre la dependencia de cuidados de los pacientes y la independencia física. Conclusión Cuando el nivel de dependencia de cuidados disminuyó, los pacientes necesitaron menos atención durante la recuperación en el período posoperatorio, ya que pudieron realizar sus actividades diarias de forma independiente.

Abstract Objective The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between preoperative care dependency and postoperative quality of recovery in patients undergoing surgery. Methods The sample of the descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational study consisted of 215 patients. A Patient Information Form, the Care Dependency Scale and the Recovery Quality-40 Scale were applied to the patients through face-to-face interview technique in order to collect the data between June and December 2018. This study adhered to Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. Results There was a statistically significant difference between Care Dependency Scale and the Recovery Quality-40 Scale mean scores of the patients and their physical comfort, physical independence, and pain in terms of age groups and genders (p<.05). A positive and moderate correlation was found between the patients' care dependency and physical independence. Conclusion It was observed that when the care dependency level decreased, the patients needed less assistance throughout the postoperative recovery period, as they were able to carry out their daily activities independently.

Impact of preoperative body composition in patients with renal cell carcinoma submitted to surgical treatment / Impacto da composição corporal pré-operatória em pacientes com carcinoma de células renais submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the impact of preoperative body composition in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) undergoing surgical treatment. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of 52 patients with RCC undergoing total or partial nephrectomy. Body composition assessment was performed using the body mass index, together with computed tomography analysis at the level of the third lumbar vertebra to measure the area of visceral adipose tissue, as well as the area and density of skeletal muscle mass. Results: Malnutrition, obesity and inadequate skeletal muscle gauge (SMG) were associated with higher hospital length of stay (p = 0.028, p = 0.02 and p = 0.012, respectively). Although the rates of postoperative symptoms and readmissions were low, survival was better among the patients with an adequate SMG than among those with an inadequate SMG (p = 0.003). Conclusion: Among patients with RCC undergoing surgical treatment, preoperative body composition does not seem to be associated with the rates of perioperative complications, although an inadequate SMG seems to be associated with worse overall survival.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o impacto da composição corporal pré-operatória em pacientes portadores de carcinoma de células renais (CCR) submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico. Materiais e Métodos: Foi realizado estudo retrospectivo de 52 pacientes portadores de CCR submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico. A avaliação da composição corporal foi realizada por meio do índice de massa corporal e análise da L3 obtida pela tomografia computadorizada para mensurar a área do tecido adiposo visceral, área e densidade da massa muscular esquelética. Resultados: Os pacientes desnutridos, obesos e que apresentaram produto muscular esquelético (PME) inadequado permaneceram mais tempo internados (p = 0,028, p = 0,02 e p = 0,012, respectivamente). As taxas de sintomas e reinternações no pósoperatório foram baixas em toda a amostra, no entanto, observou-se que pacientes com PME inadequado apresentaram uma pior sobrevida em relação aos pacientes com PME adequado (p = 0,003). Conclusão: A análise da composição corporal pré-operatória não mostrou associação com as taxas de complicações periope-ratórias em pacientes portadores de CCR submetidos a nefrectomia total ou parcial, no entanto, a inadequação do PME está associada a uma pior sobrevida.

Nursing evaluation of pediatric preoperative anxiety: a qualitative study / Avaliação de enfermagem da ansiedade pré-operatória pediátrica: um estudo qualitativo? / Evaluación enfermera de la ansiedad prequirúrgica pediátrica: estudio cualitativo

Abstract Objective: to explore and describe how perioperative nurses assess and interpret the child's behavior before entering the operating room, identifying the strategies they use to reduce anxiety and the proposals for improvements. Method: descriptive qualitative study using semi-structured interviews and participant observation of daily routines. Thematic analysis of data. This study follows the recommended criteria for publication of articles of the qualitative methodology Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research. Results: four topics emerged from the data: a) assessment of anxiety or close communication with the child and their family; b) evaluating what was observed; c) managing anxiety and d) improving the assessment or proposals for improvements in daily practice. Conclusion: nurses assess anxiety in their daily practice through observation using their clinical judgment. The nurse's experience is decisive for the appropriate assessment of the preoperative anxiety in child. Insufficient time between waiting and entering the operating room, lack of information from child and their parents about the surgical procedure, and parental anxiety make it difficult to assess and properly manage anxiety.

Resumo Objetivo: explorar e descrever como as enfermeiras perioperatórias avaliam e interpretam o comportamento da criança antes de entrar na sala de cirurgia, identificando as estratégias que utilizam para minimizar a ansiedade e as propostas de melhoria. Método: estudo qualitativo descritivo utilizando entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação participante das rotinas diárias. Análise temática dos dados. O estudo segue os critérios recomendados para publicação de artigos da metodologia qualitativa Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research. Resultados: quatro temas emergiram dos dados: a) avaliação da ansiedade ou comunicação próxima com a criança e sua família; b) analisando o que foi observado; c) controlando a ansiedade e d) melhorando a avaliação ou propostas de melhoria na prática diária. Conclusão: as enfermeiras avaliam a ansiedade em sua prática diária por meio da observação e usando julgamento clínico. A experiência da enfermeira é decisiva na avaliação adequada da ansiedade pré-operatória da criança. A falta de tempo entre a espera e o momento de entrar na sala de cirurgia, a escassez de informação que a criança e os pais têm sobre o processo cirúrgico e a ansiedade dos pais, dificultam a avaliação e o controle adequado da ansiedade.

Resumen Objetivo: explorar y describir cómo las enfermeras perioperatorias evalúan e interpretan el comportamiento del niño antes de entrar a quirófano, identificando las estrategias que utilizan para minimizar la ansiedad y las propuestas de mejora. Método: estudio cualitativo descriptivo mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas y observación participante de las rutinas diarias. Análisis temático de los datos. El estudio sigue las recomendaciones de criterios para la publicación de artículos de metodología cualitativa Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research. Resultados: cuatro temas surgieron de los datos: a) evaluación de la ansiedad o comunicación estrecha con el niño y su familia; b) valorando lo observado; c) manejando la ansiedad y d) mejorando la evaluación o propuestas de mejora para la práctica diaria. Conclusión: enfermeras evalúan la ansiedad en su práctica diaria de forma observacional utilizando el juicio clínico. La experiencia de la enfermera es determinante en la adecuada evaluación de la ansiedad prequirúrgica del niño. La falta de tiempo entre la espera y el momento de entrar a quirófano, la mala información que tiene el niño y los padres sobre el proceso quirúrgico y la ansiedad de los padres dificultan la evaluación y el manejo correcto de la ansiedad.

Targeting patient blood management's first pillar: A multicentric retrospective study on preoperative anemia

ABSTRACT Introduction: Anemia is a common issue in surgical patients and has been associated with worse clinical outcomes, such as a higher probability of transfusions and longer hospital stay. Therefore, Patient Blood Management programs are actively aiming to achieve early identification and treatment of anemia, previous to the surgery. Methods and materials: In this study, preoperative hemoglobin within the Blood Order Schedule (BOS) at 16 blood centers in several Brazilian regions were retrospectively evaluated. Data regarding hemoglobin, age, gender and Brazilian regions were further analyzed. Results: From the 20,201 BOSs evaluated, the mean age was 55.65 ± 23.52 years old, with an overall prevalence of preoperative anemia of 60.9%. Women had a lower mean preoperative hemoglobin (11.74 ± 2.84 for women and 12.27 ± 3.06 for men) and higher prevalence of anemia than men (66% of females and 52.2% of males). The individuals over 65 years old and under 18 were the most affected by preoperative anemia. All regions had a high prevalence of preoperative anemia, without any direct association with the Human Development Index. Conclusion: In summary, upon evaluating the BOS, our study showed a high prevalence of preoperative anemia in all Brazilian regions, regardless of the gender and age group, but that women and individuals less than 18 or over 65 years old have an even higher prevalence of preoperative anemia. This information can identify the institutions in which preoperative anemia is a critical issue and in which new strategies, such as preoperative screening clinics, might be helpful.

Analysis of muscle mass by computed tomography in patients with head and neck cancer: a prospective study / Análise da massa muscular por tomografia computadorizada em pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço: um estudo prospectivo

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the preoperative muscle mass of patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) with computed tomography (CT), comparing the results obtained through analysis of cross-sectional areas at the level of the third lumbar vertebra (L3) with those obtained through analysis of cross-sectional areas at the levels of the third cervical and fourth thoracic vertebrae (C3 and T4, respectively). Materials and Methods: A total of 63 patients with HNC were evaluated preoperatively. Using CT, we assessed muscle mass at L3, as well as at C3 and T4. Results: Most (73.0%) of the patients had low muscle mass at L3, whereas 50.8% had a normal body mass index. The cross-sectional area at L3 correlated strongly with those at C3 and T4 (r = 0.831 and r = 0.763, respectively; p < 0.001 for both). In addition, the muscle mass index at L3 correlated strongly with those at C3 and T4 (r = 0.781 and r = 0.715, respectively; p < 0.001 for both). Conclusion: Low muscle mass appears to be highly prevalent in patients with HNC. Measurements at C3 and T4 could represent alternative means of assessing muscle mass in such patients.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar e comparar a massa muscular de pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço (CCP) durante o período pré-operatório com tomografia computadorizada (TC), por meio da análise das áreas transversais no nível da terceira vértebra lombar (L3) em comparação com níveis cervical (C3) e torácico (T4). Materiais e Métodos: Sessenta e três pacientes com CCP foram avaliados no pré-operatório. A TC foi utilizada para avaliar a massa muscular de L3, assim como as secções transversais de C3 e T4. Resultados: A maioria dos pacientes (73,0%) tinha baixa massa muscular analisada pela TC de L3, mas índice de massa corpórea normal (50,8%). Também foi observada forte correlação entre as áreas e o índice de massa muscular (IMM) de L3 com C3 (área: r = 0,831, p < 0,001; IMM: r = 0,781, p < 0,001) e T4 (área: r = 0,763, p < 0,001; IMM: r = 0,715, p < 0,001). Conclusão: A baixa massa muscular é altamente prevalente em pacientes com CCP. As análises de TC em C3 e T4 podem representar opção para avaliar a massa muscular em pacientes com CCP.

Use of Pre?Operative Hemoglobin A1c to Predict Early Post?Operative Renal Failure and Infection Risks in Patients who are not Diabetics and Undergoing Elective off Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

Background: Recent studies have indicated that patients, both with and without diabetes with an increased HbA1c, have a higher rate of adverse outcomes following cardiac surgeries. Our study is focused on to evaluate the prognostic impact of admission value of HbA1c in non?diabetic patients for postoperative renal failure and infections. Materials and Methods: Plasma HbA1c levels were collected from 200 consecutive nondiabetic patients who got admitted for elective off pump coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) procedure over a 2?year period under two groups, Group A whose HbA1c was < 6% at admission and Group B whose HbA1c was ?6% and ?6.4% at admission. After surgery, patients were followed up to see if they have got infection or renal failure as postoperative complication. Student抯 unpaired t test was used to test the significance of difference between the quantitative variables, Yate抯 and Fisher抯 chi square tests were used for qualitative variables. Results: We found early postoperative renal failure in 14 (3/96 in Group A and 11/104 in Group B) out of 200 patients (7%) and infection in 21 (8/96 in Group A and 13/104 in Group B) out of 200 patients (10.5%). After data analysis, it was noted that there is a positive correlation between HbA1c and postoperative renal failure (P = 0.0213) whereas no association was found between HbA1c and postoperative infections (P = 0.175) in patients undergoing off?pump CABG surgery. Conclusion: In patients without diabetes, a plasma HbA1c ?6% was a significant independent predictor for early postoperative renal failure.

Abnormalities in preoperative examinations of plastic surgery patients / Anormalidades em exames pré-operatórios de pacientes de cirurgia plástica

Introduction: Preoperative tests (EPO) aim to detect abnormalities and give greater safety to the procedure. However, the request for these tests is still controversial, either because they do not bring about changes in conduct for the procedure or result in some harm to the patient. The objective is to assess the frequency of EPO requests and abnormalities in aesthetic plastic surgery patients, to verify what these abnormalities are, what preoperative management should be done based on the finding, and to associate the data obtained with the patient's profile and the planned surgery. Method: Retrospective study evaluating medical records of aesthetic plastic surgery patients who underwent routine EPO in a plastic surgery hospital in 2019. Results: 978 patients were studied, and 51% had some abnormality in EPO. 93.7% were women, with a mean age of 46.5 years. 12.3 exams were performed per patient, and abnormality was observed in 6.1% of EPO. The exams that had the most abnormalities were the lipidogram (23.8%) and the cardiac evaluation (14.1%). Hypothyroidism was the most common comorbidity (18.4% of patients); 70% of diabetics had a glycemic level above the recommended level. Only 3.4% of the patients suffered a change in preoperative management due to EPO abnormality, and in 57.9% of these cases, the surgery was postponed. Test alterations were more frequent in male patients (p<0.0001). Conclusion: The performance of routine EPO showed a low frequency of altered exams (3.4%) and implied changes in the preoperative conduct of plastic surgery patients.

Introdução: Os exames pré-operatórios (EPO) visam detectar anormalidades e dar maior segurança ao procedimento. No entanto, a solicitação desses exames ainda é controversa, seja por não trazerem mudanças de conduta para o procedimento ou resultar em alguns malefícios para o paciente. O objetivo é avaliar a frequência de solicitações e de anormalidades dos EPO em pacientes de cirurgia plástica estética, verificar quais são estas anormalidades, qual conduta pré-operatória mediante o achado e associar os dados obtidos com o perfil do paciente e cirurgia prevista. Método: Estudo retrospectivo avaliando prontuários de pacientes de cirurgia plástica estética que realizaram EPO de rotina em um hospital de cirurgia plástica durante o ano de 2019. Resultados: Foram estudados 978 pacientes e 51% desses apresentaram alguma anormalidade nos EPO. 93,7% eram mulheres, com média de idade 46,5 anos. Foram realizados 12,3 exames por paciente e observada anormalidade em 6,1% dos EPO. Os exames que mais tiveram anormalidades foram o lipidograma (23,8%) e os da avaliação cardíaca (14,1%). Hipotireoidismo foi a comorbidade mais achada (18,4% dos pacientes); 70% dos diabéticos estavam com o nível glicêmico acima do recomendado. Apenas 3,4% dos pacientes sofreram alteração da conduta pré-operatória devido anormalidade dos EPO e em 57,9% desses casos houve adiamento da cirurgia. Alterações de exames foram mais frequentes em pacientes do sexo masculino (p<0,0001). Conclusão: A realização de EPO de rotina mostrou baixa frequência de exames alterados (3,4%) e implicou em mudanças na conduta pré-operatória em pacientes de cirurgia plástica.

PERIOPERATIVE ANXIETY IN CHILDREN: NARRATIVE REVIEW

Preoperative anxiety in children is common and can have negative effects on their overall surgical experience. Several factors, such as age, personality traits, and past medical experiences, can contribute to increased preoperative anxiety. Behavioral interventions, such as distraction techniques, parental presence at induction of anesthesia, and preoperative preparation programs, can be effective in reducing anxiety. Behavioral family preparation programs have been found to reduce the number of children requiring preoperative sedation, but they may not be practical for all centers. Anesthesiologists and child life specialists can play an essential role in reducing anxiety in children by interacting with them in an age-appropriate way, providing therapeutic play experiences, and offering developmentally appropriate language. Distraction techniques, such as non-procedural distracting talk, electronic devices, music, stories, and guided imagery, can also help children cope with anxiety. Pharmacological interventions, such as sedative premedication, should be used with caution, especially for children with neurodevelopmental disorders, due to potential drug interactions and increased risks of upper airway obstruction.

Attenuation of hemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and intubation by pre-operative oral melatonin

Background: Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation are usually associated with tachycardia and hypertension. Pre-administration of melatonin has anxiolytic and sedative property which can reduce the tachycardia and hypertension during the surgical procedures. Aims and Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the melatonin effect on hemodynamic changes during laryngoscopy and intubation. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was done in the department of anesthesia, Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka. Total 80 patients were included in the study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were divided into two groups. Group-A treated with placebo and Group-B treated with melatonin (6 mg) and demographic, clinical, and hemodynamic parameters were recorded. The data were analyzed with unpaired t-test with the use SPSS (20.0) version software. Results: Comparison of number and percentage of age, gender, and blood groups between the Group-I and Group-II not showed any significant difference. Group-I and Group-II mean age, height, and weight not showed any significant difference. Mean heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure were compared between the Group-I and Group-II at basal, during, after 1, 3, 5, and 10 min showed significant difference. Conclusion: Pre-administration melatonin showed significant reduction of hemodynamic changes compared to placebo group.

Preoperative clinical management of patients who are candidates for facial transplantation / Manejo clínico pré-operatório de pacientes candidatos ao transplante facial

Introduction: Face transplantation has gained recognition, changing the clinicalsurgical scenario for restoring complex facial defects, as it attributes functional and aesthetic recovery to patients who have suffered serious accidents. At the time of writing this article, in official publications, 43 patients had already undergone facial transplantation worldwide. Face transplantation has numerous pieces of evidence that can irrefutably provide improvements to the patient. For this, preoperative care for the patient must be carefully established so that there is good surgical performance. Case Report: Male patient, 46 years old, reports that, at the age of 6, he had burns due to exposure to gasoline, with 72% of his body surface burned, showing sequelae of burns and surgical reconstructions on the face, with redundant and ptotic skin flap on the left cheek, absence of upper and lower lip and exposure of lower teeth. Conclusion: It is important to publicize this innovative procedure in different medical specialties and preoperative care through a thorough investigation, which attributes better surgical effectiveness, allowing the rescue of their facial identity, once stigmatized.

Introdução: O transplante de face adquiriu reconhecimento, alterando o panorama clínico-cirúrgico para a restauração de defeitos faciais complexos, visto que atribui recuperação funcional e estética a pacientes que sofreram acidentes graves. Até o momento da redação deste artigo, em publicações oficiais, 43 pacientes já haviam realizado o transplante facial em todo mundo. O transplante de face possui inúmeras evidências que podem fornecer melhorias ao paciente de forma irrefutável. Para isso, cuidados pré-operatórios ao paciente devem ser cuidadosamente estabelecidos para que haja um bom desempenho cirúrgico. Relato de Caso: Paciente sexo masculino, 46 anos, relata que, aos 6 anos de idade, teve queimadura por exposição à gasolina, com 72% de superfície corporal queimada, apresentando sequelas de queimaduras e reconstruções cirúrgicas na face, com retalho cutâneo redundante e ptótico em bochecha esquerda, ausência de lábio superior e inferior e exposição dos dentes inferiores. Conclusão: Ressalta-se a importância da divulgação desse procedimento inovador em diferentes especialidades médicas e dos cuidados pré-operatórios através de uma investigação minuciosa, que atribuem uma melhor eficácia cirúrgica, possibilitando o resgate de sua identidade facial, uma vez estigmatizada.

Preoperative evaluation of sarcopenia in patients with colorectal cancer: a prospective study

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Colorectal cancer is the third most diagnosed malignant neoplasm in the world and the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality. The loss of muscle mass in oncological patients is the main aspect of cancer-related malnutrition. Associations between sarcopenia and poor outcomes, such as high postoperative mortality, chemotherapy toxicity, and reduced survival, have been recently described. The aim of this study was to prospectively assess the prevalence of preoperative sarcopenia in patients with colorectal cancer using validated methods to evaluate muscle strength, muscle mass, and physical performance. METHODOLOGY: This study included patients with colorectal cancer undergoing oncological staging at a Cancer Center in Brazil from May 2019 to March 2020 who had images from abdominal computed tomography available for analysis of body composition. The muscle strength test, physical performance, referred fatigue, and clinical and nutritional data were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 31 patients were included, and most were diagnosed with colon cancer (77.4%) and clinical stage II in 41.9% of cases. The prevalence of probable sarcopenia was 22.6%; of these patients, sarcopenia was confirmed in 19.4%, and ultimately, 9.7% of the sample was classified as severe sarcopenia. We did not find a significant association between the presence of sarcopenia in our sample and age, sex, tumor staging, nutritional characteristics, referred patient fatigue, or postoperative complications. CONCLUSION: Considering the criteria established by the EWGSOP, the prevalence of preoperative sarcopenia in colorectal cancer patients was 19.4%.

Effect of preoperative anxiety level on postoperative pain, analgesic consumption in patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: an observational cohort study

Abstract Backgraund: This prospective observational cohort study aimed to investigate the relationship between preoperative anxiety levels and postoperative pain and analgesic requirement in patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Methods: Forty two female patients with body mass index ≥ 35, who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for treatment of obesity were included in the study. Spielberger's state and trait anxiety scales were used in this study. Demographic data of the patients, anesthetic and analgesic drugs during the surgery, pain levels measured with verbal analog scale at the postoperative 1st, 4th, 12th, and 24th hour, sedation levels measured with the Ramsay sedation scale, and the amount of analgesic consumed were recorded. Anesthesiologist, surgeon, and patient were not informed of the anxiety level results. The relationship between preoperative anxiety and postoperative pain and analgesic consumption was evaluated by Spearman's correlation analysis. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was applied. Normal Distribution control was performed by applying the Shapiro-Wilk test to residual values obtained from the final model. Results: There was no relationship between trait anxiety level and postoperative pain and analgesic consumption. A correlation was found between state anxiety level and pain level up to 24 hours and analgesic consumption (p < 0.05). According to the obtained model it had been observed that the university graduates consumed more analgesic compared to other education level groups. Conclusion: In this study, a relationship was found between preoperative state anxiety level and 24-hour pain scores and analgesic consumption in patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy under general anesthesia.

Influencing of preoperative biliary drainage on surgery-related complications after pancreatico-duodenectomy / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the influencing of preoperative biliary drainage on surgery-related complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy.Methods:The retrospective case-control study was conducted. The clinical data of 267 patients with periampullary space-occupying lesion who were admitted to Beijing Friendship Hospital of Capital Medical University from January 2016 to July 2020 were collected. There were 166 males and 101 females, aged 61 (range, 54?84)years. Observation indicators: (1) comparison of preoperative situations in patients with and without preoperative biliary drainage; (2) comparison of intraoperative and postoperative situations in patients with and without preoperative biliary drainage; (3) methods and efficacy of preoperative biliary drainage; (4) factors influencing surgery-related complications after pancreaticoduodenec-tomy. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was conducted using the t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M(rang) or M( Q1, Q3), and comparison between groups was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test. Count data were described as absolute numbers or percentages, and comparison between groups was conducted using the chi-square test. Univariate analysis was conducted using the corresponding statistical methods based on data type. Multivariate analysis was conducted using the Logistic stepwise regression model. Results:(1) Comparison of preoperative situations in patients with and without preoperative biliary drainage. Of the 267 patients, there were 104 cases with preoperative biliary drainage and 163 cases without preoperative biliary drainage. Cases with malignant tumor, cases with borderline tumor, cases with chronic pancreatitis were 89, 13, 2 in patients with preoperative biliary drainage, versus 111, 41, 11 in patients without preoperative biliary drainage, showing significant differences in pathology type between them ( χ2=10.652, P<0.05). (2) Comparison of intraoperative and postoperative situations in patients with and without preoperative biliary drainage. There was no significant difference in operation time, volume of intra-operative blood loss, postoperative complications, grade B pancreatic fistula, grade C pancreatic fistula, biliary leakage, abdominal or gastrointestinal bleeding, incidence of abdominal infection, white blood cell count at postoperative day 1, white blood cell count at postoperative day 3, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio at postoperative day 1, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio at postoperative day 3, C-reactive protein-albumin ratio at postoperative day 1, C-reactive protein-albumin ratio at post-operative day 3, duration of hospital stay between the 104 patients with preoperative biliary drainage and the 163 patients without preoperative biliary drainage ( P>0.05). (3) Methods and efficacy of preoperative biliary drainage. Of the 104 patients with preoperative biliary drainage, there were 40 cases receiving endoscopic nasobiliary drainage with drainage time as (12±2)days, there were 38 cases receiving percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage with drainage time as (7±1)days, and there were 26 cases receiving endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage with drainage time as (19±2)days. The total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotrans-ferase in 104 patients were (223±18)μmol/L, (134±11)μmol/L, (112±10)U/L, (160±16)U/L before biliary drainage and (144±13)μmol/L, (84±8)μmol/L, (79±8)U/L, (109±12)U/L after biliary drainage, showing significant differences in the above indicators ( t=3.544, 3.608, 2.523, 2.509, P<0.05). (4) Factors influencing surgery-related complications after pancreatocoduodenectomy. Results of multi-variate analysis showed that operation time was an independent factor influencing surgery-related complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy ( odds ratio=1.005, 95% confidence interval as 1.002?1.008, P<0.05). Conclusions:Preoperative biliary drainage does not increase the incidence of complications related to pancreaticoduodenectomy in patients with periampullary space-occupying lesion. Operation time is an independent factor influencing postoperative surgery-related complications.

Construction of preoperative rehabilitation program for gastric cancer patients / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To construct a preoperative rehabilitation program for gastric cancer patients, aiming to provide scientific and reasonable preoperative guidance for gastric cancer patients.Methods:On the basis of literature research and expert group meeting, the first draft of the preoperative rehabilitation program for gastric cancer patients was constructed. From October 2021 to January 2022, the Delphi method was used to conduct 2 rounds of expert letter inquiries to 16 experts in related fields from 11 hospitals in Jiangsu Province, and the entries were revised according to the experts′ inquiries.Results:In the two rounds of expert correspondence, the positive coefficients of experts were 88.89% and 100.00%, and the authority coefficients of experts were both 0.88. The coordination coefficients of the items in the two rounds of inquiry were 0.279 and 0.290, respectively. The final program consisted of 3 first-level entries, 11 second-level entries and 32 third-level entries.Conclusions:The scheme constructed in this study is scientific, reliable and applicable, and is worth being promoted further in clinical practice.

Progress in surgical treatment of infantile spasms / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Infantile spasms(IS) is the prevalent epilepsy syndrome in infancy, characterized by an early age of onset, distinctive seizure type, hypsarrhythmia on electroencephalography, and psychomotor retardation.Despite the fact that medication therapy is the primary treatment for IS, there are still some children with IS who are resistant to drug therapy, which is extremely detrimental to their prognosis.Therefore, surgical therapy has increasingly become one of the most prominent IS treatments.As of now, the indications, preoperative evaluation, and surgical techniques of surgery are continuously being investigated based on variables such as the disease, etiology, age, etcetera.The effect of surgery on cognitive function, physical function, linguistic capacity, and memory function is gaining increasing interest.This article described the indications, preoperative evaluation, surgical procedures (including resection, palliative surgery, and stereotactic surgery), and postoperative efficacy of surgical treatment for IS, with the goal of improving the prognosis of IS through precise surgical treatment, and providing more treatment options and a good long-term prognosis for children with drug-resistant IS.

Rediscussion of the reoperation of differentiated thyroid cancer / 国际外科学杂志

The treatment concept and standardization of primary surgery for patients with differentiated thyroid cancer vary among different regions and different treatment centers in the same region, resulting in different reoperation rates for patients. Intraoperative experience, preoperative evaluation, surgical approach, and procedure may all influence the success rate of reoperation. In order to reduce the risk of surgery and complications, reoperation should be treated standardized, while combining the current diagnosis and treatment techniques to provide individualized treatment options for reoperation patients, under the premise of ensuring efficacy, to broaden the indications of surgery, make large incisions into small incisions, and change traditional open surgery into minimally invasive surgery, improve the quality of life of patients and confidence in coping with social stress. This paper will summarize the main content of preoperative assessment at the time of reoperation in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer, analyze the notes and rationally developing a surgical plan for patients, in the hope of attracting the same emphasis and normalizing the reoperation treatment, so as to achieve reoperation of the tumor R0 resection.

Risk Factors and Establishment of Prediction Model for Preoperative Lymph Node Staging Deficiency in Gastric Cancer / 肿瘤防治研究

Objective To analyze the risk factors of preoperative lymph node staging (N-stage) deficiency in gastric cancer and establish a preoperative assessment model to assist in predicting preoperative N-stage. Methods A retrospective method was used to analyze the clinicopathological data of 268 patients with gastric cancer. The patients routinely underwent preoperative thin-section enhanced CT to assess preoperative N-stage. Results The risk factors for preoperative N-stage deficiency were analyzed in combination with postoperative pathological findings. Multifactorial logistic regression analysis was performed to determine influencing factors, and Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to plot the survival curves of preoperative N-stage accurate group and deficiency group. The nomogram plot and ROC curves of the prediction model were drawn using the R package. AUC, 95%CI, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated. Results Age, BMI, poor differentiation, and Lauren's classification as diffuse were independent risk factors for preoperative N-stage deficiency in gastric cancer (P < 0.05). Prognostic survival was significantly worse in the preoperative N stage-inadequate group than that in the accurate group (P=0.041). The AUC area was 0.935, with a sensitivity of 85.9% and specificity of 96.9%. Conclusion Young age, high BMI, poor differentiation, and Lauren's classification as diffuse are independent risk factors for preoperative N-stage deficiency. The established preoperative assessment model based on age, BMI, differentiation degree, and Lauren's classification in this study has relatively high credibility.

Application of 3D printing technology in the precise functional reconstruction of jaws / 口腔疾病防治

@#With the development of computer-aided surgery and rapid prototyping via 3D printing technology, digital surgery has rapidly advanced in clinical practice, especially in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery. 3D printing technology has been applied to the functional restoration and reconstruction of the jawbone. Before surgery, a 3D digital model is constructed through software to plan the scope of the osteotomy, shape the bone graft and plan the placement of the implant. Additionally, 3D models of personalized surgical instrument guides are printed prior to surgery. With these 3D-printed models and guides, accurate excision of the jaw tumor, accurate placement of the grafted bone and precise placement of implants can be achieved during surgery. Postoperative evaluation of accuracy and function shows that 3D printing technology can aid in achieving the biomechanical goals of simultaneous implant placement in jaw reconstruction, and in combination with dental implant restoration, the technology can improve patients' postoperative occlusal and masticatory functions. Nevertheless, 3D printing technology still has limitations, such as time-consuming preparation before surgery. In the future, further development of 3D printing technology, optimization of surgical plans, and alternative biological materials are needed. Based on domestic and foreign literature and our research results, we have reviewed the process and clinical application prospects of jaw reconstruction via 3D printing technology to provide a reference for oral and maxillofacial surgeons.